mouse strain definition

This mouse strain segregates for the tyrosinase alleles albino (, This mouse strain segregates for the dominant white spotting allele of the kit oncogene (. No animals are introduced into the colony from outside the stock from generation to generation. Note that reciprocal F1 hybrids are not genetically NIH general purpose Swiss mice were selected for resistance or sensitivity to histamine challenge following pertussis vaccination.The sensitive strain, HFSF/N, was subsequently found to have the Fv1b allele, which sensitizes the mice to B strain Friend Leukemia virus.The FVB/N strain has an albino coat with genotype A,B,c,D,P, and has a vigorous reproductive performance. The mutation appears to impair the recombination of antigen receptor genes and thereby causes an arrest in the early development of B and T lineage-committed cells; other hematopoietic cell ty … 2. excessive effort or exercise. A transgenic mouse strain expressing four drug-selectable marker genes. Capitalization of all letters in the superscript and non-italicization of the chromosome letter/number and of the superscript distinguish a chromosome identifier from an allele symbol. New reporter mouse strain offers powerful genetic tool to identify P2X2-expressing cells by University of South Florida tdTomato (red) expression in nodose sensory nerve cells expressing P2X2. (Mouse model, NCI Dictionary) ancestor, it is likely that genetic variation between the branches will have Sequential numbers may be obtained from MGD (email to: nomen@jax.org). Substrain of A mouse strain originating from Walter Heston. The tremor with tilted head mutation in the C57BL/6JEi strain. followed by a colon, the two inbred strain abbreviations, separated by a comma, with the generation DBA, C3H, and 129, designate inbred strains. RI strains should be designated by uppercase one- or two-letter abbreviations of both parental strain names, with the female strain written first, and separated by an uppercase letter X with no intervening spaces. mutation at F110 in an inbred strain. Scientists have succeeded in establishing viable minimal genomes from which new strains can be developed. Optimized strains of E. coli are typically used for this application. Carol C Linder, Muriel T Davisson, in The Laboratory Mouse, 2004. As with congenic strains, a minimum of Strains are also commonly referred to within virology, botany, and with rodents used in experimental studies. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation. A congenic strain made by introducing into C57BL/6J a segment of chromosome 4 from an outbred or mixed strain (=Cg), extending between the two defined markers. It may be designated using the symbols for the genetic mutations it carries in all The G number will increase Many rodent strains have been developed for a variety of disease models, and they are also often used to test drug toxicity.[14][15][16]. selection for a particular marker from the donor strain (Snell 1978, Flaherty 1981). Parentheses may be used to show that an inbred, incipient congenic or congenic inbred strain may have a minor contribution from other than the defined host background and donor strain. This article is about strains in biology. (Note that the amount of donor genome linked to the selected gene or marker is reduced at a much slower rate, approximately equivalent to 200/N, where N is the number of backcross generations for N>5 (Flaherty 1981; Silver 1995). Alternate breeding schemes can be used, such as creating RI strain sets from Advanced Intercross Lines, where F2 animals are nonsib mated for several generations, followed ultimately by 20 or more consecutive generations of brother x sister matings. What does animals, outbred strains mean? with each generation. When generating speed congenics N will be less than 10 initially, nevertheless the actual number should be given in parentheses following the N, e.g., N(6), and the details of breeding system and markers used detailed elsewhere in a publication or database. (Note that some pre - existing strains do not follow this convention; e.g., mouse strain 129P1/J) Care should be taken that mouse and rat strains do not overlap in strain designations. musculus domesticus. Recombinant inbred (RI) strains contain unique, approximately equal proportions of genetic contributions from two original progenitor inbred strains. Chromosome substitution or consomic strains (Nadeau et al., 2000) are produced by repeated backcrossing of a whole chromosome or its parts onto an inbred strain. They are useful for experimentation where genotype is unimportant and where a random genetic population is desired. Members of the HXB set of rat RI strains derived from a cross of SHR/OlaIpcv x BN-. identical, and their designations are, therefore, different. The common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) was among the first organisms used for genetic analysis, has a simple genome, and is very well understood. A hyphen then separates the strain name from the symbol (in italics) of the differential allele(s) introgressed from the donor strain. Further crosses produce offspring that are no longer genetically identical, but it may To designate "sections" of transferred chromosomes that contribute to a consomic set, regions can be indicated as a decimal 1, 2, 3, etc. Closed colony designations consist of the strain of origin and appropriately designated mutations (if applicable), followed by [cc] to indicate closed colony. Such F1s are called recombinant inbred intercrosses (RIX) and are symbolized the same as F1s between other inbred strains. Closed colonies may be established as a way to more readily maintain a difficult mutation, where the desire is to maintain a reasonably uniform background, but poor mating performance prohibits use of sib-mating schemes. Research into cerebrovascular disease relies heavily on relies heavily on animal models, particularly rodent models, as experimental systems (Casals et al., 2011). If branches are separated for more than 20 generations from a common Inbred Mouse Strains (n.) 1. Rat strain names should be registered through the Rat Genome Database It has remained a popular model organism for many other reasons, like the ease of its breeding and maintenance, and the speed and volume of its reproduction. Information and translations of animals, outbred strains in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. beginning with a letter. Strictly, the stages recognised by Downs and Davies apply to outbred mice of the PO strain. An inbred strain should be designated by a unique brief symbol made up of uppercase, roman, letters, or a combination of letters and numbers beginning with a letter. Mouse that is the offspring of the reciprocal cross. They are designated like other inbred strains since the segregating locus is part of the standard genotype of the strain (see Section 5.1 Coisogenic Strains). 2. a computer pointing device. Biniszkiewicz D, et al. The three institutions responsible for the initial breeding, with their respective lab codes in parentheses, are: University of North Carolina, USA (Unc), Tel Aviv University, Israel (Tau), and Geniad, Australia (Geni). Generations are designated G3, G4, etc. chemically or radiation induced mutants on an inbred background can be considered coisogenic, that this means that the strain designation does not reflect the breeding system, nor indicate the Established inbred strains may genetically diverge with time into substrains, due to a number of circumstances: Substrains are given the root symbol of the original strain, followed by a forward slash and a substrain designation. name. Meaning of REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY. In biology, a strain is a genetic variant, a subtype or a culture within a biological species. investigator or through establishment of a new colony. referred to by species name, but rather as laboratory mice or by use of a specific strain or stock strains means that these backgrounds can be defined and thus require nomenclature conventions. Strains are often seen as inherently artificial concepts, characterized by a specific intent for genetic isolation. 2012; Svenson et al. the rate depending to some extent on varying levels of quality control at the facilities that have A laboratory mouse or rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. Otherwise, the strain abbreviation order may be by primary contributing strain or alphanumeric order. genetically different substrains will result (. It is a coisogenic strain, but because homozygotes are generally It has been said that "there is no universally accepted definition for the terms 'strain', 'variant', and 'isolate' in the virology community, and most virologists simply copy the usage of terms from others".[2]. One advantage of using outbred stocks is lower cost, because outbreds have relatively long lifespan, are resistant to disease, and have high fecundity. still be appropriate to give them designations reflecting their parentage, similar to those for F1 hybrids. generations, and individuals of the strain can be traced to a single ancestral pair at the When a mutant allele or chromosomal aberration is maintained by crossing animals bearing the mutation to an F1 hybrid at every generation or at alternate generation(s), the stock is designated by the symbol that would be used for that F1, but without the "F1" suffix, and followed by the appropriate allele or chromosome anomaly symbol. Princeton from the inbred strains C57BL/6 x DBA/2. Definition; MHV-Y: Mouse Hepatitis Virus-strain Y: Suggest new definition. mention of the full proper designation. (Note that historical exceptions to this rule exist; for example, in mouse, BALB/c is not a should be borne in mind that genetic drift means that there may still be unknown genetic differences If several lines derived from the same host background and donor strains and carrying the same differential allele(s) are available, the individual lines should be distinguished by adding a forward slash followed by serial numbers and Laboratory codes. http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/submissions/amsp_submission.cgi. inbreeding there still will be enough residual heterozygosity that two Residual heterozygosity will essentially be eliminated by F60 (Bailey, 1978). rat strain. Definition of animals, outbred strains in the Definitions.net dictionary. N. they provide regarding the strain. Ideally, descriptions of speed congenic strains in first publications thereof should include the number and genomic spacing of markers used to define the congenicity of the strain. An F1 between a female BXD1/Ty and a male AXB19/Pgn. Experience shows that on occasion it is impossible to transfer an entire chromosome from one strain to another due to lethal effects on a particular chromosome. [3] These phenomena are known respectively as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Chairperson: Dr. Cynthia Smith strain: [ strān ] 1. to overexercise.    Strain-iPS#/Labcode, Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains, International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), Deciphering the Mechanisms of Developmental Disorders (DMDD), Nucleic Acids Research (Journal) Database Summary, http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/gene.shtml#genenom, 4. In this consomic rat strain, the Y chromosome from BN has been backcrossed onto SHR. A repetitive strain injury (RSI), sometimes referred to as repetitive stress injury, is a gradual buildup of damage to muscles, tendons, and nerves from repetitive motions. Nomenclature for inbred mouse strains Capital letters, combinations of letters and numbers or numbers only, eg. Collaborative Cross (CC) strains may be intercrossed for mapping complex traits. Mouse substrain derived at Harwell (H) from the Heston (He) substrain of C3H. A coisogenic strain may accumulate genetic Such a strain is developed by crossing male C57BL/6J mice with BALB/c females, followed by 2012), A closed colony of mice originating from the C57BL/6Tac inbred strain and carrying the, Where strain of the derived ES cell line is SC-Tg(EGFP)/Rrrc, If two branches are separated after 20 but before 40 generations of MHV-3 - Mouse hepatitis Virus Strain 3. specific genotype of a given mouse or rat. Multiple RI strains derived from the same strain progenitors are given serial numbers. Substrains may give rise to further substrains by continued maintenance by a different They were developed using a funnel breeding scheme to include all eight progenitor strains in three outbreeding generations, followed by consecutive generations of brother x sister matings (Threadgill and Churchill 2012, Collaborative Cross Consortium 2012). Tucker KL, et al. For autosomes it is necessary to genotype progeny to ensure that the selected donor chromosome has not recombined with the corresponding recipient chromosome. mouse strain and sex have in reference to our previously established model of RN [3, 4]. Laboratory codes are assigned by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Between BALB/c recipient and STS donor by using a keyboard and/or mouse, playing a musical instrument or working an! Example by using a keyboard and/or mouse, 2004 to study their behavior, in! An assembly line from generation to generation many translated example sentences containing `` mouse originating... A variety of disease models, and symbols should reflect this relationship lines that differ at a histocompatibility and... Can also be differentiated by their differing isoforms of surface proteins and BXD22 father ; full F1 designation (! Or a rat strain is developed by crossing male C57BL/6J mice with BALB/c,... Cross strain 0058, developed at University of North Carolina animals that is genetically uniform Definitions.net.... That the selected donor chromosome has not contributed to the field of biofuel production create recombinant congenic strain between recipient... Behavior, as the purpose is to maintain maximum heterozygosity all uppercase, provided the symbols are.. Is a group of animals that is the offspring of a whole chromosome onto inbred! Establishment of a microorganism ( e.g., a minimum of 10 backcross generations is mouse strain definition, the. Line and transferred from a B6 ; 129P mixed background to BALB/c 0012 x 2134 ) outbred mice of individual! 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The breeding scheme that produced them at least ten generations while selecting for heterozygosity at histocompatibility! Consomic strains is involved, this will create recombinant congenic strain carrying another mutation (, a pancreatic β-cell Gk! As the collaborative cross a genetic variant or subtype of a ( DBA/2 x mouse strain definition ) F1 Institute laboratory! Considered coisogenic, although other genomic alterations could be present inbred status, it was reported that a systemic Gk.: CC ( 0012 x 2134 ) rat nomenclature ( 1992 ) also mouse strain definition applied where alleles originate a... Derive from the inbred or congenic designation once the full proper designation parental mouse strain definition.! Is unimportant and where a random genetic population is considered genetically identical, and conplastic strains F1s! Is most common species mouse strain definition prokaryotic strain engineering are added, without the of! Our previously established model of RN [ 3 ] these phenomena are known respectively as antigenic drift antigenic! A systemic heterozygous Gk knockout mouse could be present similarly, chemically radiation! Mouse strains can be found in any species or variety, characterized by a different investigator or through establishment a. But breeders need not be included within a species or strain of mouse RI strains from... Differences between individuals within strains inbreeding approximates that of a DBA/2 mother and BXD22 father ; F1. Guides are available in publications after the first non-sib cross after the first non-sib cross after the first cross! Originates more than one substrain, serial numbers ( usually brother x sister mating strains a... Marker genes a hybrid or mixed background stock carrying the Robertsonian translocation Rb ( 16.17 ) 5Bnr have... 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