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What are the positive and negative effects of mining in Goa. ” he said. Goa’s export-based iron ore mining has been temporarily contained, largely due to the projected requirements of the domestic steel industry and the backing of the central government and administration towards the latter. Mining operations in Goa came to a halt in March 2018 after the Supreme Court quashed 88 mining leases. And, despite repeated complaints and contentious allegations of illegal and unregulated mining across the nation’s smallest state, the industry thrived. An estimated 100,000 people living in the villages in four talukas in north and south Goa have lost their source of living, Their farms have been destroyed by mining silt and water sources have been contaminated, Mining has caused irreversible damage to forests, agriculture, fisheries and water aquifers, Goa has 90 operational mines spread along the Western Ghats in an area of 150 to 200 sq km. Trees, plants and topsoil are cleared from the mining area and this can lead to destruction of agricultural land. Illegal mining in Goa is being projected as a bigger scam than Bellary. For instance, in the village of Mayem, when fields were productive, they grew rice, chilli, kokum, beans, mango, caju (cashew) and coconut trees. Despite two orders being passed by the local court (court of the mamlatdar of Bicholim Taluka) in 2013 and 2015, locals said that they have not received any compensation for the damaged fields. In February 2019,  the ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute in Goa conducted soil testing in Mayem. Bullock carts were replaced by trucks, often driven by young men. 160 million (Rs. Our aim is to bring you news, perspectives and knowledge to prepare you to change the world. Mongabay-India is a conservation and environment news and features service that aims to bring high quality, original reports from nature’s frontline in India. Comments are moderated and will be published only after the site moderator’s approval. Nearly everyone is involved in mining in some way or other and hence, no one has tried to look at mining seriously and comprehensively. Selected comments may also be used in the ‘Letters’ section of the Down To Earth print edition. It now has a lake-view resort, a bungee jumping set-up, an amphitheatre, picnic-spots, walking trails and boating facilities. In February 2018, the court found all mining leases to be illegal and in contravention of the provisions of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (the MMDR Act), the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and other rules and guidelines issued on the subject. Goa Mining People's Front asks govt to restart mining in Goa 26 Dec, 2019, 08.26 PM IST. “We have not received any compensation for our damaged fields since 2012,” said Pednekar. “The worst part is, it is the duty of the mining companies and government to provide us with compensation for this loss and restore the land. These entire things we are looking at the various level. The paddy-field soil is supposed to be clayey and black. Essay On Mining In Goa, homework phone video, gnc case study, soal seni budaya essay kelas 10 There is money, there are resources, we have even given them a whole list of suggestions for rehabilitation and restoration. The open cast technique used in mechanised mining extracts iron/manganese ore by forming benches on a hilltop and the slopes and extending the pit laterally in all directions with increasing depth. Mining and farming have been the major occupations of the village, though locals say that only about 300 people from the village, out of a population of 7500 (Goa Census 2011) have been dependent on mining, as opposed to at least 1,200 farmers. Goa's mining problems We were standing between a massive mine and a stunning water reservoir. We believe information is a powerful driver for the new tomorrow. The germinated seeds begin to rot and paddy dies. The whole exercise transforms the hill into two geomorphological entities – a massive crater-like pit, and hillocks made of dumps. A 2014 study by Goa’s former chief town planner S.T. In December 2019, the farmers of Sirigao, a village neighbouring Mayem won a 12-year-old case at the Bombay High Court which directed the DMF and three mining companies — Timblo, Chowgule and Vedanta to pay a total of Rs four crore (Rs. This means that if the average production of iron ore is 15 MT (million tonne), the mining process would create about 45 MT of waste. Illegal mining in Goa is being projected as a bigger scam than Bellary. “Our fields are completely choked with silt. Puttaraju indicates that between 2001 and 2011, the number of cultivators and agricultural workers in Goa declined from 86,201 in 2001 to 58,114 in 2011. Even mining done on small scale contributes 6% to the entire cost of mineral production. Mining operations in Goa came to a grinding halt in March 2018 after the Supreme Court quashed 88 mining leases. Both indicate unsustainable mining. The Centre is keen on finding a solution to the Goa mining issue as it is the core economic activity of the state, Union Mines Minister Pralhad Joshi said. “The DMF funds are available for a specific purpose of providing welfare to the people in mining-affected areas,” said Claude Alvares of Goa Foundation. Specifically strip mining that can destroy landscapes, forests, and wildlife habitats that are near the sites. It continues today, machinery within mines are becoming bigger. Right now our produce has literally come down to half,” said Pednekar, who has been fighting for fair compensation and restoration of degraded land since 1993. However, mining is also Goa’s largest environmental and social problem. Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, Kolar Gold fields: From fields of gold to a dust bowl, won a 12-year-old case at the Bombay High Court. They say that since they don’t have lease rights, they can’t provide us with compensation. Miguel Braganza, an organic agriculture promotor and former agriculture officer of Goa’s Department of Agriculture explained that during the excavation process, two types of materials wash into the fields. At the time it was banned, mining was Goa's largest industry. 14/04/2007 We were standing between a massive mine and a stunning water reservoir. Local activists were explaining to me that this iron ore mine was located in the catchment of the Salaulim water reservoir, the only water source for south Goa. Trucks are going from 10 tons to 25 tons. It does not allow water to go up the plant via capillary action either, explained Braganza. While revenue losses from illegal mining has been estimated at about Rs 3,000 crore, the loss by way of damage to the environment and loss of livelihood has not been estimated. Instream mining lowers the stream bottom, which may lead to bank erosion. "Chief Minister Pramod Sawant had told us every time that mining would start within the next three months and it is now over 30 months of hard times that the mining dependents have faced since the mining closure in March 2018,” said GMPF President Puti Gaonkar. The monsoon season is the worst for the silted fields. 16 crore) beautification, The precarious journey of Goa’s mining-affected and dependent people. Goa’s total land area is approximately 3,700 square kilometre, so land diverted for mining takes up about 2.5 percent of the total area. But for some reason, the government is just not interested. The rush for mining has had a massive impact on villages surrounded by the mines. It was in the 1980s, that they began to notice problems. Furthermore, when rainfall occurs the ashes and other materials are washed into streams that can hurt fish. Pednekar and other farmers that Mongabay-India spoke to highlighted that the accumulation of silt in water bodies and fields is the central cause of problems in the agricultural system. “Our produce was reducing, our land was getting degraded. It then becomes the job of the government, what is it doing? Subsequently, the ban was partially lifted in April 2014, and 20 million tonnes per year was allowed to be exported in the interim while the Supreme Court case went on. The Centre is aware that mining is the backbone of Goa’s economy and ever since the Supreme Court order stopped mining operations in 2018, there seems to be no solution in sight even three years later. “The order requires us to be compensated until the land is fully restored to its original state.” Pednekar informed. Suddenly, as I started clicking with my camera, we were surrounded by a jeepload of men. 16 crore) beautification last year. "Goa … On May 27, 2020, Pednekar, along with members of various farm tenant associations of the village, and several individuals and associations from the neighbouring villages of the north-eastern mining belt – Pissurlem, Lamgao, Advalpal, Assonora – filed a public interest litigation petition at the Bombay High Court, against the state of Goa, the directorate of mines and geology, the district collector of North Goa, the director of transport of Goa, the superintendent police of north Goa, and several mining companies for conducting “illegal and fresh extraction of ore”. The spill-over of the effects of legal mining into problems such as Naxalism and the distortion of Indian democracy by mixed political and ... 5 Illegal mining in Goa; Read more advantages of mining in goa | Mobile Crusher Manufacturer Local activists were explaining to me that this iron ore mine was located in the catchment of the Salaulim water reservoir, the only water source for south Goa. The villagers enlightened the Minister of the ill effects and other problems of … on the four people in Panchwadi yesterday to benefit Sesa Goa mining … »More detailed. Siltation was a major problem, the dumps were washed into our fields. Goa's mining problems. Iron ore mining: Backbone of Goan economy | You’ve destroyed our fields, our lakes, our streams, everything that makes our village thrive. Suddenly, as I started clicking with my camera, we were surrounded by a jeepload of men. All rights reserved. After all legal avenues for recovery of their leases had dried up, Vedanta Ltd moved a fresh writ petition No.1005/2019 before the Bombay High Court in November 2019, demanding a declaration that its mining lease, as per the provisions of the amended MMDR Act 2015, was valid for 50 years. Our friends in Sirigao have managed to win this battle after 12 years of fight. Over time, different aspects of mining got mechanised, larger, quicker, and more efficient. Interestingly, the Chief Minister continued to assure the mining dependent people on the resumption of mining operations but it didn’t happen. But how is this fair? “The water is probably 50-100 metres deep,” said Pednekar, pointing at the crater. The open cast mining of iron ore in Goa is an old industry. The water in the fields cannot be channelled back into the drainage network, leaving the fields waterlogged for long periods of time. Most of the mines in the state are concentrated in four talukas—Bicholim in north Goa, and Sattari, Sanguem and Quepem talukas in south Goa. Silica is like fine dust particles, and fills up all the porous spaces, not allowing water to seep through the soil. Read more: Kolar Gold fields: From fields of gold to a dust bowl. Read more: Is joint community ownership the way forward for mineral governance in India? Sakaram Pednekar, a local farmer and activist, took Mongabay-India near the Chowgule mine and pointed towards a make-shift bamboo grid gate beyond which there was a big crater of water surrounded by red hills. (Source: Facebook/Aldrin Coutinho) Battling Illegal Mining. Excessive instream sand-and-gravel mining causes the degradation of rivers. Local activists were explaining to me that this iron ore mine was located in the catchment of the Salaulim water reservoir, the only water source for south Goa. On yearly basis the average production of iron ore is almost 16 million tonnes. The ore to the ore-burden ratio in Goa is 1:3, which means for every tonne of ore excavated, about three tonnes of overburden material is generated and is treated as “rejects” or “dumps”, forming a huge amount of waste. “We are dumbfounded at the situation. When mining began in 1949, according to Goa Gazette records, 188 tonnes were exported in the first year; 112,000 tonnes in the following year and 400,000 tonnes in 1951. Not-so-famous in the village are two large mines — Vedanta’s Sesa Goa Iron Ore, which is a stone’s throw away from the tourist lake on the north and east side, and Chowgule, on the south and west side. Some 400 mining leases had been granted in Goa till 2002-03, covering approximately 30,325 ha -- this works out to almost eight per cent of the total geographical of the state. After some time, the fields are drained by channelling water back into rivers or streams. “The rejects have a high amount of calcium, which prevents the soil from absorbing iron, and you end up with paddy with yellowing and brownish leaves,” Braganza told Mongabay-India. That gives us hope. Distance between North to South is 105 km while East to West it is hardly 50 kms. Out of the 151 farmers interviewed in the study, spanning across Goa, 71 percent complained of a reduction in paddy yields, attributing it to siltation and inadequate irrigation. Explosives instead of pickaxes. Is joint community ownership the way forward for mineral governance in India. You can further help us by making a donation. The Goa government’s review petition hearing is tentatively scheduled for September 30 while there is no date scheduled for the other one. We believe strongly that we can and must do things differently. The hearing for that petition is currently scheduled for November 2, 2020. In effect, the people and future generations of Goa … 1.8 billion). Mining In Goa Advantages And Disadvantages - MC . Image courtesy: Sebastian Rodriguez, Mand Goa. Water Pollution. Currently, there are two review petitions, filed by Vedanta and Goa government at the Supreme Court, seeking a resumption in mining. “And out of the 93 sq. km. Ban on iron mining in Goa, India EJAtlas Project details: 40 million tons of iron ore per year. Rs. The dust caused respiratory problems, polluted the very pristine air that Goa is known for, and killed slowly, as environmentalists across India claimed. But here, heavy silting of the river and stream beds reduces their water-holding capacity, causing an overflow. Together we build journalism that is independent, credible and fearless. “They suggested that we use double the amount fertiliser, but no matter how much we use, the output is barely 40 percent,” Pednekar complained. We are a voice to you; you have been a support to us. Mining was one of the larger sectors of the Goan economy, although it has never exceeded 7.5% of GSDP. It has provided employment and to a lesser extent, has provided funds to the state government. Mayem is a village in Bicholim taluka of the north-eastern hinterland of Goa. The second type is the rejected material (the overburden) that forms massive hillocks over time and gets washed away into the fields as silt during the monsoon season. Activists note that it was the boom in China (2000-2008) in the run-up to the Beijing Olympics in 2008 that triggered this growth in export. Iron ore mining has been one of the main drivers of the Goan economy for the last 50 years until it was stopped in 2012. “You’re excavating our land and not cleaning up the mess you have left behind. Mongabay Series: Environomy, Just Transitions. Up Next. “However, judges at the time in Goa felt that they couldn’t stop mining because that would mean unemployment for vast numbers of people. In its final verdict, it declared all leases illegal and asked the state government to issue fresh leases instead of renewing existing ones. Its water bodies used to be alive with gouti fish, crab, shrimp. 14/04/2007 We were standing between a massive mine and a stunning water reservoir. Look at this soil. Loss of Goa’s natural resources. In October 2012, based on a petition filed by the non-profit Goa Foundation, the Supreme Court ordered a halt to all mining activity in the state and directed the Central Empowered Committee to examine the findings of the Justice Shah Commission report and make appropriate recommendations. Limestone tailings are dry, they cover the soil and prevent absorption of nutrients. “The mining companies seem to have washed their hands of the matter. The utilisation of this fund, however, has been questioned on several occasions. Mechanised unloading and loading at Mormugao. You’re forcing us to run pillar-to-post for our basic needs. We are looking at various issues right now. There were other mining dependents, such as trucks owner, machinery owners, barge owners, port. “Our produce was reducing, our land was getting degraded. Once mechanised mining took off in the 1970s, Goa’s red earth literally became a playground. This monsoon, the fields were rich with paddy. Goa's mining problems We were standing between a massive mine and a stunning water reservoir. Local activists were explaining to me that this iron ore mine was located in the catchment of the Salaulim water reservoir, the only water source for south Goa. Mineral-Based Industry, Environmentalists, Mining Waste, Minerals, Mining, Goa. 40 million) towards restoring their degraded paddy fields. He says that it is because of diversion of agricultural land for mining, and siltation, which renders the fields useless. The leases held by Goa-based exporters stand cancelled since February 2018. Activists demand assessment of impact of mining on state's environment and communities. “For over 40 years, these mining companies have been excavating and degrading the land, without any checks and balances, no bandhs, no structures, not covering the dumps,” said Braganza. Goans have been cheated wholesale. If the court rules in the company’s favor, mining operations in Goa could recommence as soon as the monsoon season ends in October as the industry is normally shut during the rains, raising iron ore supplies in the world market at a time when miners are set to raise output even as steelmakers cut operations as economies stall because of the virus. Infrastructure and machinery were set up to desilt the drainage network, bulldozing the field to remove all dumps and rejects, and ploughing it afresh. There is no question that the illegal mining of iron, bauxite and manganese ores has butchered Goa’s entire hinterland, destroying paddy fields, forests and water resources, besides causing irreparable damage to local wildlife. Solano Da Silva, an academic and faculty member at BITS Pilani Goa, who has extensively studied land-use in the state, said that approximately 93 square kilometres of Goa’s land have been diverted for mining activity, adding that illegal mining and dumps may imply additional area. Why should we be driven to a point of desperation?” an exasperated Pednekar questioned. Goa's mining problems. It is most famous for its lake, a popular tourist spot called the Mayem lake, which underwent Rs. Activists say that an estimated 100,000 people living in the villages in these four talukas are affected. This is red, useless silt from the mines. In a statement issued on Thursday, GMPF said its members are apprehensive about resumption of mining activity and whether the December-end timeline will be met by the authorities. In the absence of proper structures that can stem the movement of silt, the harmful waste gets washed by rain into the drainage network, entering the fields and choking them. Mining operations in Goa came to a grinding halt in March 2018 after the Supreme Court quashed 88 mining leases. If mining in Goa is not resumed for this coming season, the GMPF warned there would be serious problems faced by mining dependents. Most of the legal and illegal mines are in forest areas, A Raja, now in jail in connection with the 2G spectrum scam, issued 169 environment clearances for mines in Goa between 2005 and 2009 when he was the Union minister of state for environment. Interestingly, the Chief Minister continued to assure the mining dependent people on the resumption of mining operations but it didn’t happen. Potential threats from mining. Khazan lands, which are low-lying wetlands, were rich in nutrients. Mining and farming have been the major occupations of the village, though locals say that only about 300 people from the village, out of a population of 7,500 (Goa … Down To Earth is a product of our commitment to make changes in the way we manage our environment, protect health and secure livelihoods and economic security for all. Read more Losses in mineral value drive many of the other problems with mining. Vedanta has filed a Special Leave Petition as well seeking to extend the mining leases till 2037. Dying rivers of Goa: Impact of mining on water resources. Banner image: Sakaram Pednekar, a local farmer and activist, shows silt that has been choking paddy fields in Mayem village. Mining in Goa is mostly concentrated in four talukas namely, Bicholim in North Goa district and Salcete, Sanguem and Quepem in South Goa district. Photo by Supriya Vohra. The results showed the soil to be “strongly acidic”. It is a leading exporter of minerals like iron ore, manganese, bauxite, magnesia, clay and limestone. This will mean a lot for our ability to bring you news, perspectives and analysis from the ground so that we can make change together. If mining in Goa is not resumed for this coming season, the GMPF warned there would be serious problems faced by mining dependents. Suddenly, as I started clicking with my camera, we were surrounded by a jeepload of men. It is true that the mining activity in Goa has resulted for the damage to the environment and loss of livelihoods It is the common phenomena wherever mining activity is going on In the process of development mining of natural resources has to be done where they exists. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 called for the setting up of a District Mineral Foundation (DMF) in every mining state. Funds are required to be utilised for providing drinking water supply, restoring the ecology damaged by mining or other activity, providing health facilities, education, social welfare, building road/bridge network, desilting of water bodies including dams, rivers etc, installation of pollution control devices, sewage treatment plants, afforestation, any other measures for enhancing environmental quality in the mining district. Goa is the smallest state of India with a population of 1,347,668 as per census 2001 and an area of 3,702 sq. Shah revealed that there were mines that were working even after their leases had expired, that they were rejecting all environmental norms, in addition to working inside and very close to protected forest areas. Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name. Once the ore is extracted from the mine, trucks carry it to the beneficiation (or screening) plant. The PIL holds them responsible for failure to take action to safeguard people and property from siltation and flooding due to unprotected stacks of ore, for excavations and dumps in the impending monsoons, failure to restore agricultural lands, paddy fields, nallahs and water resources of petitioners of other villages, and unregulated transportation of mined ore. A date for the hearing is yet to be finalised even as farmers continue to wait for justice. The exporters who have the backing of the Goa government have thus far been unable to get the centre to intervene in its favou… "Chief Minister Pramod Sawant had told us every time that mining would start within the next three months and it is now over 30 months of hard times that the mining dependents have faced since the mining closure in March 2018,” said GMPF President Puti Gaonkar. Our crops are dying because of this,” said the 53-year-old as he showed his fists full of red earth and questioned, “How are we going to grow anything?”. The state of Goa has earned less than 5% of the value of the mineral sold from the state. Mining has caused severe problems to the ecology and hydrology of the tiny state and most of these have been intentionally downplayed by every office, be it state or the academicians and others. But they are not doing anything for us,” said Rohidas Maenkar, a farmer and fisherman based in Mayem. Under normal circumstances, paddy fields are flooded in the early part of the monsoon, which is when the seeds germinate. Chowgule mine, currently defunct, is one of many iron ore mines in Goa. Advantages Of Mining In Goa Essay. The state is the third largest producer of iron ore in India that makes mining one of the most lucrative industries in Goa. 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